This is part three in my series of blog posts exploring what I believe to be the future of our online identity and experience.  In part one I laid out why I believe the future is in an open peer to peer social network, in part two I described how and why that network needs to be based first and foremost on domain names owned by the individuals that make up the network.

At this point, you’re probably thinking, big deal.  So people could own their own domain names for free, but what difference does that really make?  You can let people route their online communication with other people through their domain names by pointing it at their MySpace page, receiving email thru it, and maybe basing their instant messaging name on it.  Cool, but only geeks will "get it" at this point, and does it really provide enough value to make the average person care?  No, probably not.  Yet.

But, when you think about the fact that owning your own domain name gives you the ability to create a whole slew of unique URI’s that are all your own, things start getting really interesting.  I didn’t realize this until recently, so let me explain.  Hopefully you’ll have the same “Aha” moment that I had.

I was born and bred in the relational database, web-based application world.  I cut my programming teeth on Microsoft technology like ASP, ASP.NET, and SQL Server.  So I grew up thinking of a URL as a way to get to a page or application on the Web, or maybe somewhere on an internal network.  To me, a URI = DNS work, and as a programmer it was something the network guys took care of.  Later in my programming career I thought of a URI as a way into a REST API.  But for the most part, it was one of those things I took for granted, an ingredient in my standard technology stew.  It got me where I needed to go, but I now realize that I wasn’t seeing the forest for the trees.

It wasn’t until just recently that I started re-looking at the URI.  I’ve owned my own domain name for a while now, and use it for my personal email address (Jason@jasonkolb.com) and, more recently, for my blog.  I thought it was cool that I controlled the content that lived at *my* domain name, and that I permanently owned it, but it didn’t really hold any value to me beyond that.  However, recently I began combing thru the XMPP specs that make up the core of Jabber, and something dawned on me:  a URI can be used to get to ANYTHING.  And ANYTHING is the key word here, because I’m not just talking about a blog, or email, or an instant messaging account.  I’m talking about ANYTHING.

For those who, like me, never thought twice about a URI before, here’s a quick primer.  A URI is made up of several parts:

There are a few other more obscure pieces as well, and I’m not so much interested in the user info portion of the URI, that’s really mostly applicable to email and instant messaging as far as I can tell.  (Which are important, don’t get me wrong, just not pertinent to what I’m talking about in this post.)  But as you can see, aside from the domain name itself, you can have resources underneath it.  I had always thought in terms of directories, pages, and REST and Web Service endpoints, but not in terms of resources and living, breathing objects at the other end.  And what I really missed is the fact that you have complete freedom to determine what that resource is.  Yes, a page or a subdirectory is a resource, and a REST service is a resource, but there’s no reason to stop there.  In fact, if you don’t stop there, a whole new world of possibilities open up when you look at it from the standpoint of a global decentralized database.

I grew up in the world of relational databases.  In fact, I’m the CTO of a company called Latigent whose main product is a relational database reporting tool called BlueVue.  The exposure I’ve gotten from being immersed in relational databases has taught me a few things about data, primarily that the end goal of any data warehousing project is to come up with a normalized schema, a single version of the truth.  (Regardless of how difficult that is, believe me I am fully aware of how hard that is to achieve.  That goal has cost me many late nights.)

The light bulb really went on for me when I was thinking about URI’s and the fact that in a relational database of any type, you need a way to address "things" (or "resources") within the database.  In a standard database model this is typically done using one of two things:

1. An integer.  This is usually where programmers start their careers, they have a table and create a primary key that’s just a sequential numeric column, something like this:
2. A GUID.  Once programmers reach a certain point, they realize that sequential integers are useful, but they’re also very limiting.  There’s no way to uniquely identify a row in the database because the ID’s in different tables overlap, often.  It also makes replication damn near impossible.  So we move on to using GUID’s, which are globally unique and look something like this:  2fce8470-df88-4f0e-a642-f51b15e49c7e.   So our tables start looking like this: 

Now, GUID’s are great, I’ve been using them forever and they work well. However, why are we using a nonsensical series of letters and numbers to identify something?  That doesn’t make a whole lot of sense to me; there should be a way to uniquely identify something and make it possible to relay that address to another human without copying and pasting it into an email.  Can't we also make it more useful than just identifying a resource?

About this point is where I had my “Aha” moment.  I realized that there is another option for globally unique ID’s, that’s human readable, and that already has functionality baked in: namely, it allows you to locate what you're looking at, on the Internet.  What I’m referring to, of course, is the URI.  With a URI, you have the ability to uniquely identify something over all of the Internet and, this is key, actually GET TO IT and DO SOMETHING with it.

Think about that for a second.  When it’s put into place, what that actually does is turn the entire Internet into one giant relational database.  Your tables start looking like this: 

And with the proper server, those URI’s actually start coming alive and offering functionality of their own.  Each object, or row within the database, gains actual capabilities, outside of whatever application sits on top of the database.

The more I thought about this the more it made a whole lot of sense to me.  When you start using URI’s as the ID for everything in a database, you get a whole lot more functionality than the standard database, for free, and that functionality is directly applicable to the Internet experience.  For example, do you know how hard it is to build a distributed database that works?  You have to set up clusters and partitions, and figure out the best way to distribute and paritition the data.  In this scheme, all you have to do is distribute the objects over a bunch of servers at different URI’s.  When you really think about it, the application isn’t going to query a local database for something that lives at another domain, it can go directly to the source and by doing so natively gain distributed capabilities.

Another very cool side-effect of using URI’s as ID’s is that data authentication as a problem completely goes away.  If you’re consuming data that lives at a particular URI, you have complete confidence that what you’re looking at is coming directly from the source (unless your DNS server is corrupted somehow).  When I look at the data at www.jasonkolb.com/weblog, for example, I know for sure that the data I receive is coming from me, because that’s where I got it from.  As cool and ingenious as technology like OpenID is, it’s really a band-aid of sorts to fix the fact that people's data doesn't currently live at their own domain.  When everyone owns their own domain (the how of which I posted about in part two), the problem just goes away.

So, I was pretty surprised at how much potential lies behind the simple URI that I’ve taken for granted for so many years.  But, a distributed database on top of the Internet is a very cool sounding idea, but until there’s some real meat behind it, it’s still just a pie-in-the-sky idea.  Well, I'm currently working on that, and the playing I've done so far seems to bear this out pretty well. However, I’ve put that on the back-burner for now until I can finish building out the first step, which is the www.atmy.name site that I talked in the previous post in this series.  Now that I’ve laid out the first part of what I want to do, I’m going to put this series on hold until that piece is done and working.  Once that’s done I’ll write part four, which will describe the software that needs to live at everyone’s personal domain, what it can do, and how it’s going to get there.  (Hint:  it's 100% open source and owned by everyone, so there will be no opportunity for anything like this or this to happen on this network.)

Here's a link to Reinventing the Internet, part four:  Connecting the dots